Does red wine vinegar spoil?
As long as your red wine vinegar is in a glass bottle and tightly closed, it should last indefinitely without any risk of spoilage or foodborne illness. You can store it in a cool, dark place to preserve the quality if you like, but refrigerating it is unnecessary (2).
As it ages, it becomes more muted. The natural acidity of vinegars offer an inherent antibacterial capability, but once red wine vinegar has been opened, it should be refrigerated. You can keep unopened red wine vinegar in your pantry for up to two years. Once it's opened, it can be refrigerated for another year.
When you find a bit of stringy sediment, large or small, in a bottle of vinegar don't fret. In fact — congratulations — you have a mother. A mother of vinegar, that is. Yes, it looks rather grungy and scary, floating on the top of the vinegar like that, but this spongy mass of bacteria is completely harmless.
Aged red wine vinegar has a tawny reddish color, a clean but sharp aroma, and a subtly intense flavor.
Normal vinegar concentration (usually around 5% acetic acid) is too acidic to grow mold in the vinegar itself. Mold can sometimes grow on the bottle or on the surface of the vinegar. It isn't dangerous and can be wiped/skimmed off.
Once opened, red wine vinegar needs to be refrigerated. This is how it can retain its color and flavor. Red wine vinegar is made using red wine grapes which have soured or gone bad. As the sugar in the grapes gets consumed by the yeast, acetic acid forms.
While refrigeration is unnecessary, red wine vinegar should be stored in a cool, dark place, like a cupboard or pantry, to preserve the quality of the product. Also, it should always be stored inside a glass container, as oxygen can seep in through plastic and other materials, compromising the integrity of the vinegar.
Once opened and exposed to air, however, harmless “vinegar bacteria” may start to grow. This bacteria causes the formation of a cloudy sediment that is nothing more than harmless cellulose, a complex carbohydrate that does not affect the quality of the vinegar or its flavor.
Vinegar does not expire. Consuming "old" vinegar will not harm you, the way other old food items might, but the flavor and quality will certainly change over extended periods of time. Though there's no expiration, there is a sort of "sweet spot" for vinegar storage, and it varies by the type.
Vinegar will keep more or less forever in a dark place (pantry for example). Cloudiness and sediment in red or white wine vinegar is a natural occurrence and does not necessarily mean that the vinegar has gone bad. In fact, it is often a sign that the vinegar is of high quality and has been minimally processed.
What is the shelf life of vinegar after opening?
According to The Vinegar Institute, “vinegar's shelf life is almost indefinite” and due to the high acidity of the product, it is also “self-preserving and does not need refrigeration.” Phew. This infinite shelf life applies to unopened and opened bottles of vinegar of all kinds.
“Because of its acid nature, vinegar is self-preserving and does not need refrigeration. White distilled vinegar will remain virtually unchanged over an extended period of time.

Vinegar does not expire. Consuming "old" vinegar will not harm you, the way other old food items might, but the flavor and quality will certainly change over extended periods of time.
You should note that storing opened red wine in the fridge should keep it fresh for anywhere from three to five days on average, with some wines lasting up to about a week after being opened. So as long as you plan to uncork your red wine and finish it up this week, you should have fresh vino to enjoy yet again!
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